Hysteroscopy is a diagnostic and surgical procedure used to examine the inside of the uterus using a thin, flexible tube called a hysteroscope, which is inserted through the vagina and cervix. The hysteroscope is equipped with a camera and light source, allowing the healthcare provider to visualize the uterine lining and diagnose or treat various conditions. The procedure can be performed in an office setting or under anesthesia in a surgical suite, depending on the complexity of the case and the patient's comfort. Hysteroscopy is commonly used to investigate abnormal uterine bleeding, detect uterine abnormalities such as fibroids, polyps, or congenital anomalies, and evaluate causes of infertility or recurrent miscarriage. It can also be used to perform surgical interventions, such as removing polyps or fibroids, or to perform endometrial ablation for heavy menstrual bleeding. While hysteroscopy is generally considered a safe procedure, it carries some potential complications. Common risks include infection, bleeding, and uterine perforation, where the hysteroscope accidentally punctures the uterine wall. Some patients may experience cramping, spotting, or discharge after the procedure. Rarely, more serious complications may occur, such as damage to surrounding organs or complications related to anesthesia. Despite these risks, hysteroscopy is a valuable tool for both diagnosing and treating a range of uterine conditions, offering minimally invasive options with generally favorable outcomes for patients.
